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Martinsyde S.1 Scout
role : fighter
first flight : operational : January 1915
country : United-Kingdom
design :
production : 60 aircraft
general information :
Designed along the same idea of the Bristol Scout and Sopwith Tabloid, the Martinsyde Scout proved to be less stable and inferior in performance. At the start of 1915 experiments were done with a Lewis machine gun mounted on the top plane. L.A.Strange of 6th squadron RFC was flying a Scout armed this way. Strange earlier had tried unsuccessful to intercept a Taube with a Farman pusher armed with a Lewis machine gun. On 10 May 1915 Strange sought out the enemy to try out the new gun arrangement and attacked a German Aviatik two-seater. In order to change the empty drum on the Lewis, Strange had to stand up in the cockpit. Immediately the machine flipped on its back, throwing Strange from the cockpit and developing a flat spin downwards. Strange, hanging onto the ammunition drum of the Lewis gun, managed to swing back into the cockpit and kick the stick over to right the aircraft only 500 feet above the ground. Strange later related:
I kept on kicking upwards behind me until at last I got one foot and then the other hooked inside the cockpit. Somehow I got the stick between my legs again, and jammed on full aileron and elevator; I do not know exactly what happened then, but the trick was done. The machine came over the right way up, and I fell off the top plane and into my seat with a bump.[17][18]
The Martinsyde Scout was also used in the UK to intercept Zeppelins. For bringing down a Zep they carried Carcass-bombs, Hales hand grenades or incendiary darts. But they were not armed with a machine gun. To attack the Zep, the Scout had to climb above the Zep but for this it lacked the performance.
Nr.66 Carcass incendiary bomb
Hales No.2 hand grenade
users : RFC
crew : 1
armament : 1 fixed 7.70 [mm] (0.303 in) Lewis machine-gun on top plane
engine : 1 Gnome 7A Monosoupape air-cooled 7 -cylinder Monosoupape rotary engine 80 [hp](58.8 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 8.43 [m], length : 6.4 [m], height : 2.49[m]
wing area : 26.01 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 550 [kg]
empty weight operational (estimation): 360.0 [kg] bombload : 0 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 140 [km/hr] at sea-level
service ceiling : unknown
endurance : 2.0 [hours]
estimated action radius : 126 [km]
description :
1-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
two spar upper and lower wing
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.66 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.64 [m]
angle of attack prop : 17.36 [ ]
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1200 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.94 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 170 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.54 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.78 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 5.46 []
estimated gap : 1.35 [m]
gap/chord : 0.88 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 134 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 6.5 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 19.3 [kg/hr] (26.3 [litre/hr]) at 79 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 6.54 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 60 [litre] (44 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 109.4 [kg] = 1.86 [kg/KW]
weight 19 litre oil tank : 1.6 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.4 litre oil : 0.4 [kg]
oil in engine 0 litre oil : 0.3 [kg]
fuel in engine 0 litre fuel : 0.3 [kg]
weight 11 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 1.7 [kg]
weight cowling 2.4 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 13.5 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 128 [kg](23.3 [%])
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fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 5.42 [cm]): 48 [kg]
bracing : 2.2 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 7.7 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 2.5 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 5.4 [kg]
weight seats : 3.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
weight 48 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 3.9 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 3 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 73 [kg](13.3 [%])
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weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 17 [kg]
total weight ribs (29 ribs) : 33 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 633.1 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 172.9 [N]
total weight 8 spars : 26 [kg]
weight wings : 75 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 2.89 [kg]
weight 4 interplane struts & cabane : 7.0 [kg]
weight cables (43 [m]) : 1.7 [kg] (= 41 [gram] per metre)
L.A.Strange thrown out of his plane and just hanging on to his machine gun
diameter cable : 2.6 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (0.8 [m2]) : 2.5 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (2.9 [m2]): 8.6 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 95 [kg] (17.3 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 12.7 [kg]
weight quadrant mounting and Bowden cable : 1.5 [kg]
weight armament : 14 [kg]
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wheel pressure : 242.0 [kg]
weight 4 wheels (680 [mm] by 76 [mm]) : 18.1 [kg]
weight tailskid : 1.7 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 12.4 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 32.3 [kg] (5.9 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 343 [kg](62.3 [%])
weight oil for 2.4 hours flying : 15.5 [kg]
weight 5 drums empty : 1.0 [kg]
weight ammunition (235 rounds) : 9.0 [kg]
*******************************************************************
calculated operational weight empty : 367 [kg] (66.7 [%])
estimated operational weight empty : 360 [kg] (65.5 [%])
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weight crew : 81 [kg]
weight fuel for 1.5 hours flying : 29 [kg]
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operational weight : 477 [kg](86.7 [%])
estimated bomb load : 25 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 502 [kg]
fuel reserve : 15 [kg] enough for 0.77 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 33 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 550 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 550 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (operational without bombload) : 8.11 [kg/kW]
total power : 58.8 [kW] at 1200 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 3.2 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 4.5 [g] ultimate load : 6.8 [g] loadfactor : 2.7 [g]
design flight time : 1.60 [hours]
design cycles : 500 sorties, design hours : 800 [hours]
Later production S.1 with simplified V-strut landing gear
operational wing loading : 180 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 187 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.30 ["]
max.angle of attack (stalling angle) : 13.24 ["]
angle of attack at max.speed : 1.25 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.11 [ ]
lift coefficient at max.speed : 0.20 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max.speed : 0.0040 [ ]
drag coefficient at max.speed : 0.0413 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0373 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 58 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 70 [km/hr]
min.drag speed (max endurance) : 84 [km/hr] at 1000 [m](power :41 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 89 [km/hr] at 1000 [m] (power:42 [%])
max.rate of climb speed : 85.7 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 126 [km/hr] op 1000 [m] (power:71 [%])
design speed prop : 136 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 140 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:99 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 251 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 99 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 8.05 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 4800 [m] with flying weight :449 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight): 4475 [m] with flying weight :477 [kg]
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 3850 [m] with flying weight :531 [kg]
published ceiling (0 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 6.76 [min]
climb to 3000m (without bombload) : 17.16 [min]
max.dive speed : 289.1 [km/hr] at 2850 [m] height
load factor at max.angle turn 1.93 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 33 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 9.0 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 2.27 [hours] with 1 crew and 58 [kg] useful (bomb)load and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 2.00 [hours] with 1 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 63 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 268 [km] with 1 crew and 20[kg] photo camera/radio transmitter or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 151 [litre] fuel : 725 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 34 [kg]
production : 4.34 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 5.93 [kg]
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Literature :
wikepedia
The friendless sky page 60
Jane’s Fighter Aircraft WOI page 70
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 1 page 212
Warplanes WOI page 37,44,85
Jane’s FAWOI page 70f
De oorlog in de lucht en de ruimte deel I page 71
They fought for the sky page 71
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program.
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(c) B van der Zalm 04 January 2019 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4